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Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological conditions, yet it often goes undiagnosed for years. This condition can significantly impact health, well-being, and fertility. Many women only discover they have endometriosis when struggling to conceive.
In this article, you’ll learn how endometriosis affects fertility, diagnosis, and treatment options, as well as practical tips for managing the condition.
Table of content
Understanding Endometriosis: What is it?
Recognising Symptoms: When Should You See a Doctor?
Endometriosis and Infertility: What You Need to Know
Treatment Options: Managing Endometriosis for Better Quality of Life
Living with Endometriosis: Finding Support
Early Detection and Preventative Measures
Advancements in Endometriosis Research: Hope for the Future
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Endometriosis
Final Thoughts
Understanding Endometriosis: What is it?
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the womb. These endometriosis lesions can develop in the pelvic region, ovaries, bladder, or even the bowel. Although this tissue responds to hormonal changes like the uterine lining, it cannot be shed during menstruation, leading to inflammation, scarring, and pain.
How common is endometriosis?
It is estimated that around 1 in 10 women of reproductive age in the UK have endometriosis. However, because symptoms vary widely, many women remain undiagnosed for years.
Causes and Types of Endometriosis
The exact cause of endometriosis is still unclear, but possible contributing factors include:
Genetics – Having a family history of endometriosis increases the risk.
Endometriosis can range from mild to severe, with cases involving small isolated patches, extensive adhesions, or large cysts (endometriomas).
- Hormonal imbalances – Oestrogen may promote endometriotic tissue growth.
- Immune system dysfunction – The body may fail to clear endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus.
Recognising Symptoms: When Should You See a Doctor?
Endometriosis symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe, making diagnosis challenging.
Common Symptoms of Endometriosis:
- Severe period pain (dysmenorrhoea) – Cramping that does not improve with painkillers.
- Chronic pelvic pain – Persistent pain outside the menstrual cycle.
- Irregular or heavy bleeding – Prolonged or unpredictable menstrual flow.
- Pain during sex (dyspareunia) – Discomfort during or after intercourse.
- Painful bowel movements or urination – Particularly during menstruation.
- Digestive issues – Often mistaken for IBS (bloating, diarrhoea, or constipation).
When to Seek Medical Advice?
If you experience persistent symptoms, book an appointment with a GP or gynaecologist. The only definitive way to diagnose endometriosis is through a laparoscopy (keyhole surgery), but ultrasound or MRI scans may help identify suspected cases.
Endometriosis and Infertility: What You Need to Know
Endometriosis is a leading cause of infertility as it can affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. Inflammation and adhesions may interfere with:
- Ovulation – Making it harder for eggs to be released.
- Sperm transport – Blocked fallopian tubes prevent fertilisation.
- Implantation – The embryo may struggle to attach to the womb lining.
Fertility Outcomes and Hope for Conceiving
Despite the diagnosis, around 60–70% of women with endometriosis conceive naturally. The likelihood of pregnancy depends on the severity of endometriosis and whether surgery is needed.
Treatment options include:
- Hormonal therapies – To suppress lesion growth and inflammation.
- Surgical removal – To clear adhesions and improve fertility.
- Assisted reproductive technology (ART) – IVF may be necessary for severe cases.
Treatment Options: Managing Endometriosis for Better Quality of Life
Treatment depends on symptoms, fertility goals, and the severity of endometriosis.
1. Medication-Based Therapies
- Hormonal treatments – Such as progestins or GnRH agonists, can suppress lesion growth.
- Pain management – NSAIDs like ibuprofen help reduce discomfort.
2. Surgical Interventions
- Laparoscopic surgery – Minimally invasive removal of endometriosis lesions and adhesions.
- Surgery to improve fertility – Clearing blockages may increase pregnancy chances.
3. Lifestyle and Holistic Approaches
- Anti-inflammatory diet – Foods like fish, nuts, and leafy greens help reduce inflammation.
- Exercise & yoga – Supports pelvic health and pain relief.
- Stress reduction – Chronic stress worsens inflammation. Meditation and relaxation techniques can be helpful.
Living with Endometriosis: Finding Support
A diagnosis of endometriosis can be emotionally challenging, but with the right support network and strategies, it is possible to lead a fulfilled life.
- Prioritise self-care – Listen to your body and incorporate rest into your routine.
- Seek emotional support – Friends, family, and support groups can provide valuable encouragement.
- Maintain open communication – If in a relationship, discussing symptoms with your partner can strengthen understanding.
Early Detection and Preventative Measures
If you're struggling to conceive due to endometriosis, regular check-ups with a gynaecologist are essential.
- Track your cycle – Using a menstrual tracking app can help detect irregularities.
- Listen to early warning signs – Severe period pain is not normal and should not be ignored.
- Seek an early diagnosis – Catching endometriosis before it progresses may reduce complications.
Advancements in Endometriosis Research: Hope for the Future
Medical research into endometriosis is advancing, with promising developments in:
- Less invasive diagnostic tools – Reducing the need for surgery.
- Targeted medications – New drugs are being developed to directly treat endometriosis lesions.
- Improved fertility treatments – Ongoing innovations in assisted reproduction are increasing success rates for women with endometriosis.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Endometriosis
1. What are the symptoms of endometriosis?
Common signs include severe period pain, irregular bleeding, and pelvic discomfort. Pain during sex, bowel movements, or urination may also be present.
2. How is endometriosis diagnosed?
A laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) is the only way to confirm endometriosis. However, ultrasounds or MRI scans may detect large lesions.
3. Can I get pregnant with endometriosis?
Yes. While fertility challenges are common, many women conceive naturally. If pregnancy does not occur, surgical treatment or IVF may help.
4. What are the treatment options?
Treatment includes hormonal therapy, pain management, and surgery. The right approach depends on symptom severity and fertility goals.
5. Does the NHS cover endometriosis treatment?
Yes, the NHS provides diagnostic testing, medication, and surgery. However, for IVF and fertility treatments, eligibility may depend on local funding criteria.
Final Thoughts
Endometriosis can be a challenging condition, but early diagnosis and the right treatment can significantly improve quality of life and fertility outcomes.
By staying informed, proactive, and supported, you can take control of your health and fertility journey despite an endometriosis diagnosis.
- Listen to your body – Severe period pain is not something to ignore.
- Seek expert support – A gynaecologist or endometriosis specialist can guide you.
- Explore treatment options – Whether through lifestyle adjustments, surgery, or assisted conception, solutions are available.
